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Summary
Updated 2012-08-18 01:33:39 UTC
·
6689 earthquakes
o All events in the
past 30 days
·
6684 meet criteria
o located in map area
·
300 displayed
o based on sort order
Significant EarthquakesPast 30 Days
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Tectonic
Summary
Seismo tectonics of the Himalaya and Vicinity
Seismicity in the Himalaya dominantly results from the
continental collision of the India and Eurasia plates, which are converging at
a relative rate of 40-50 mm/yr. Northward underthrusting of India beneath
Eurasia generates numerous earthquakes and consequently makes this area one of
the most seismically hazardous regions on Earth. The surface expression of the
plate boundary is marked by the foothills of the north-south trending Sulaiman
Range in the west, the Indo-Burmese Arc in the east and the east-west trending
Himalaya Front in the north of India.
The India-Eurasia plate boundary is a diffuse boundary,
which in the region near the north of India, lies within the limits of the
Indus-Tsangpo (also called the Yarlung-Zangbo) Suture to the north and the Main
Frontal Thrust to the south. The Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone is located roughly
200 km north of the Himalaya Front and is defined by an exposed ophiolite chain
along its southern margin. The narrow (<200km) Himalaya Front includes
numerous east-west trending, parallel structures. This region has the highest
rates of seismicity and largest earthquakes in the Himalaya region, caused
mainly by movement on thrust faults. Examples of significant earthquakes, in
this densely populated region, caused by reverse slip movement include the 1934
M8.1 Bihar, the 1905 M7.5 Kangra and the 2005 M7.6 Kashmir earthquakes. The
latter two resulted in the highest death tolls for Himalaya earthquakes seen to
date, together killing over 100,000 people and leaving millions homeless. The
largest instrumentally recorded Himalaya earthquake occurred on 15th August
1950 in Assam, eastern India. This M8.6 right-lateral, strike-slip, earthquake
was widely felt over a broad area of central Asia, causing extensive damage to
villages in the epicentral region.
The Tibetan Plateau is situated north of the Himalaya,
stretching approximately 1000km north-south and 2500km east-west, and is
geologically and tectonically complex with several sutures which are hundreds
of kilometer-long and generally trend east-west. The Tibetan Plateau is cut by
a number of large (>1000km) east-west trending, left-lateral, strike-slip
faults, including the long Kunlun, Haiyuan, and the Altyn Tagh. Right-lateral,
strike-slip faults (comparable in size to the left-lateral faults), in this
region include the Karakorum, Red River, and Sagaing. Secondary north-south
trending normal faults also cut the Tibetan Plateau. Thrust faults are found
towards the north and south of the Tibetan Plateau. Collectively, these faults
accommodate crustal shortening associated with the ongoing collision of the
India and Eurasia plates, with thrust faults accommodating north south
compression, and normal and strike-slip accommodating east-west extension.
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